Hemorrhoids: causes, symptoms, treatment

No one has never heard the word "hemorrhoids".It is used by everyone who is not lazy, even those who have nothing to do with medicine.

The term "hemorrhoids" itself comes from two Greek words -“Haem”(“Blood”) and“Rhoos”("Bleeding").

This concept is vague, because not every bleeding is a result of hemorrhoids, and it does not always cause blood.In this case, the concept of "hemorrhoidal nodes" is ideal for the broader concept of "hemorrhoids" - swelling, bloating that occurs during garbage.

Description of the problem

Hemorrhoids are a special anal formation located under the rectum.In the structure, they are the venous vessel plexus.They are located inside and outside the mucous membranes.From the location of this formation, the internal and external hemorrhoids are divided.

The plexus itself performs protective function: protects the rectum from stool and liquid gas incontinence, and also closes the anus.According to statistics, 20 % of adults experience the disease.And exactly the disease is the cause of the campaign for experts.

That contributes to the occurrence and development of a disease

Hemorrhoids are normal just with a pair of gardens.In cases of heavy or prolonged physical energy, the ligaments can be torn.If it violates ligaments' integrity, hemorrhoids are abundant with blood.The consequences are their loss and bleeding.

Vienna, which provides normal blood flow from the mucosa, becomes squeezed.Blood begins to stagnate.

Factors that evoke the development of hemorrhoids

The pathology itself does not arise like that, by itself.It takes place and development is influenced by several factors:

1. Descendants (in hemorrhoidal nodes and veins No valves provide blood flow).
2. Increased pressure in the veins.
3. Cars in bowel work (constipation, diarrhea), frequent visits to the toilet.
4. Pregnancy, delivery, improves disease clinic.
5. Inactively lifestyle, long standing position.
6. Some sports and professions.
7. Features -nutrition (alcohol, spicy foods).But this contributes more to the severity, not the development.

Note!Even in the presence of bleeding from the anus, one cannot talk about the manifestation of hemorrhoids.To confirm the diagnosis, rectal analysis and examination are required:

• Colonoscopy.
• Anoscopy.
• Sectoroscopy.

Bleeding and nodes can occur with intestinal inflammation and malignant formations.

Hemorrhoids: symptoms and classification

Node location:

• Outside.
• Interior.
• Mixed.

First sight- the expansion of the vein located below the rectal gear line.This species is characterized by edematous manifestations, the presence of discomfort in the rectum.With this type of pathology, severe pain is characterized.

The second view- The expansion of the hemorrhoids itself is below the line.Hemorrhoids are divided into 1, 2, 3 and 4 degrees (the severity of the disease depends on the severity of the node).There is also acute and chronic hemorrhoids, which arise from one disease.

Chronic hemorrhoids

Clinical picture:

• Periodically, blood is released from the anus.
• Loss of plexus in the mucosa.
• Itchy and burns in the anus.
• Release from the rectum.

Symptoms of chronic hemorrhoids

Intestinal bleeding

These are the most common symptoms of the disease in 10 % of patients.According to statistics, the most common occurrence is when the intestines are empty.The manifestation can be intense and not too, and episodic.The color of the release is red, in the form of "spray" (occurs with conculle), or - at the end of the emptying (in the form of drops).If, after the previous emptying in the anus, the blood remains, and then it will come out dark or in groups.

70-80 % of manifestations of hemorrhoids.With constipation and diarrhea, alcohol consumption, spicy foods and heavy physical energy, bleeding also occurs.As a result it is an anemia.

The manifestation of anal bleeding is not always a sign of the disease.It can occur in other intestinal diseases.If it happens to people over 40-45 years old, then you must consult your doctor.Also, in the event of a person with a tendency for oncology, a doctor's visit is required.

For what illnesses can be bleeding:

• Colon Diverticulase.
• Crohn's disease.
• Rectal malignant neoplasm.
• Intestinal polyps.

If you see the release from the anus, consult a proctologist and conduct the required examination of the intestine directly and large.

Venous plexus highlight

These symptoms occur in a long phase of the disease.First, it happens with intestinal destruction.Further, symptoms arise with emphasis.If the pathology is acute, then it falls without effort.Free separation at 2 levels.In 3 stages, they are manually adjusted due to decreased anal muscle tone.They are true -they fall at level 4.

Anus

Bleeding is not the only reason that comes to experts.And this is not necessarily hemorrhoids.The pain syndrome in the anus can occur in the level of acute disease.Reason:

• Constipation.
• Frequent visits to the toilet.
• Anal cracks.
• Node powder.

If treatment is performed incorrectly, the anal cracks will enter the chronic stage.

Intestinal

The nature of the release in the disease is juicy or mucous.Arises due to the loss of episodic nodes.With bleeding, note the secretion of the mucus.Often, they are when the node or mucosa falls.Other causes are neoplasms (Villous polyps, tumors).

Itching in the anus

These symptoms, such as itching in the anus, as well as anal discomfort, occur with colon dysfunction.They occur, as a rule, in the late stages of the disease.

Classification

1 phase- The vein plexus does not fall.The red color of the blood is removed.

2 phases- The fallen nodes are adjusted (with or without the release of blood).

3 phases- Nodes fall episodes, and get better manually.

4 phases- Press and rectal mucous membranes begin to fall continuously.Manual reduction is impossible.

Acute hemorrhoids

It usually happens with severity in the chronic phase.The most frequent manifestations:

• External nodes with occurrence of thrombosis.
• The protrusion of the internal thrombed plexus.

If thrombosis occurs, the node is compacted and increased in size.Severe pain syndrome occurs in the anus of the anus.

Acute hemorrhoid treatment

At the thrombosis stage, thromboectomy is possible (the isolation of thrombus nodes and thrombus removal).This operation is carried out under local anesthesia.Duration - a few minutes.After surgery, the pain begins to decrease.

When the internal hemorrhoidal node falls, the phenomenon of swelling and inflammation occurs.Surgical intervention is contraindicated due to possible complications.Therapy:

• Use of ointment and candles.
• Pill.

If you look at the manifestation in time, the acute level is reduced to a week.If pathology is not treated for a long time, purulent inflammation may occur.

3 phases of disease in acute course

1. The appearance of blood clots in the internal and external vein plexus.No inflammation.
2. The presence of blood clots in the node, in the presence of inflammation.
3. Against the background of the above signs, inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue develops.Complications occur - bleeding, purulent inflammation.

How to treat hemorrhoids at a chronic level

Hemorrhoids are a severe, unpleasant disease, but references.There are sufficient methods of treatment for its elimination.The treatment system is constantly improved.Each method is no doubt, good and bad.And they are used depending on the phase.The following factors affect the use of a particular methodology:

• The course of the disease.
• The nature of the release.
• The age of the patient.
• Frequency of bleeding.

The difficulty lies in the fact that many methods are based on the same signs for treatment, and choosing optimal is not easy.In this case, you need to combine the necessary methods.According to the classification, 3 types of treatment are distinguished:

1. Conservative.
2. Small invasive.
3. Operating.

Hemorrhoids from the first stage

Loss of node with blood release or not:

• Normalization of mandatory nutrition (with a high percentage of fiber).
• Take medications that reduce inflammation and expansion of vessels.
• Rectal candles, ointment for external use for severity.

Hemorrhoids II

Self -reduction of affected nodes:

• Hemorrhoidal node fixation with latex rings.
• Sclerosant introduction.
• Arterial ligation that carries blood to an inflamed node.
• Electrocoagulation.
• Expulsion of external and internal nodes.

Hemorrhoids III

Manual Reduction:

• The use of latex rings.
• Sclerotherapy.
• Arterial landing.
• Electrocoagulation.
• Isolation.

Hemorrhoids IV

Impossible node reduction: Removes an inflamed node with a special device.

The developmental stages of hemorrhoids

Not each method is appropriate for the treatment of hemorrhoids in one case or another.The final solution affects how the external and internal plexus is correlated.If the pathology is the node that occurs - inside, then you can do it without surgery.The method described above.

Before making a final diagnosis, the patient needs a complete examination.The first thing to do is check the rectum and the colon.First of all, this applies to patients over the age of 45, with a hereditary tendency to oncology, because hemorrhoids may have equivalent disease:

• Rectal malignant tumor.
• Polyps.

Also, the symptoms (or vice versa, the level of severity), the size of the node, and the episodity affect the choice of certain treatment methods.

With the severity of weak symptoms, losing rare, it is best to choose conservative therapy.The first and most important thing to do is the correction of nutrition, the removal of constipation and the stress when emptying the intestines.Diets should contain sufficient amounts of water, as constipation often occurs with fluid deficiency, which is why the intestines are forced to suck it from stools.

To simplify this situation, the following is important:

• The components that occur in the diet are fiber.
• Regular intake.
• Appointment of phlebotropes to patients.

Conservative therapy is mainly used during acute disease.Another treatment is contraindicated.If the disease is in phases 1 and 2, other methods are also contraindicated.What is included in conservative treatment:

• Special diet.
• Pumping drugs.
• Rectal candles, ointments.
• Phlebotropic medicine.

Each patient is prescribed by a diet.The main goal is to normalize the chair.Often, one of the main factors that provoke is constipation or diarrhea.The diet for the disease absolutely prohibits:

• Sharp.
• Salt.
• Bake.
• Alcohol.

Diarye implies additional exams.This is the result of examinations that affect dietary correction and treatment.If the patient is exposed to constipation, a special diet is recommended to it.List of other products and nuances can be seen in special parts.For preventive effects, it is recommended:

• Dried apricot.
• Prunes.
• Dried apricot.
• Diagram.

If the diet does not eliminate the stagnant effect on the intestine, the use of laxatives begins.Now it's not hard to find them: just go anywhere -where the pharmacy is and ask.Don't take it yourself.The dose and brand of drugs depend on the following factors:

• Features of individual body.
• Disease equivalent.
• Age.
• Doctor's decision.

Until the final treatment is prescribed, the doctor prescribes the patient 1 tbsp.L. Vaseline oil (2-3 times a day).

The basis in the treatment of pathology

But keep in mind that no ointment and other medicines will save you from this problem.They only eliminate the symptoms of temporary, and no longer.Conservative therapy will not work if the vein plexus falls regularly: only radical treatment methods will help here.

Also, when setting the dose of the drug, certain factors are taken into account.For example, rectal candles are not suitable for patients with clear pain syndrome.In this case, the ointment is better.In some cases, the combination is acceptable.

There is no need to list the entire list of medicines from this pathology, as it is very large.The determining factor is the characteristics of the individual's individual and personal complaints.

What affects the choice of ointment or wax:

• Acute hemorrhoids with thrombosis.
• Inflammation.

At the same time, anesthetics, anti -inflammatory drugs that relieve edema are prescribed.It is necessary to use these drugs for a certain amount of time, as it contains hormones and anti -non -ssteroids.

The use of phlebotropic is a prerequisite for drug therapy.

Small treatment -Invasive

Sclerotherapy

This is a method where special solutions are introduced into the hemorrhoidal - sclerosant node area.With proper administration, manipulation does not cause pain.Local anesthesia is not used.A period of no more than 10 minutes.Hospitalization is not required.After the procedure, you can continue to lead the same way of life.Within two days in the anus, uncomfortable sensations are possible.This method is used in pathology in the chronic phase (blood released, plexus does not stand out).This method is rarely used, as manipulation is quite complicated, and with proper drug administration, mucous necrosis is possible.As a rule, the quiet period after manipulation is approximately 3-7 years.

Freezing of infrared

Methods if radiation acts in inflamed areas.Thus, the hemorrhoidal tissue begins to die.After manipulation, you can live a previous lifestyle.The painful sensation may be for two days.The AI method is used at 1 and 2 pathological stages, where the size of the site is small.The quiet period is 3-7 years, without serious complications.

Setting with latex rings

This procedure is the most common among all other methods.He is added:

• Low cost.
• Various clues.
• Lack of risk of complications.

The point is that latex rings are used for site areas.This is done using a ligator.Due to the pressure of the ring, he began to die and refused.Rapid manipulation in running (3-5 minutes), easy, painless.After ligation, you can lead the previous lifestyle.The painful sensation may be for two days.The ligation method is shown in phase 1-3 pathology.There are almost no complications.Sometimes there is a blood release when the leaf ring.Minus procedure - only 1 site is released for 1 session, the following manipulation is only possible after a few weeks.

Arterial landing

The proximal ligation method allows you to find localization of all arteries that supply the inflamed area and wrap them.In this method, local anesthesia is used.Perform the procedure with an anoscope with a knot.As a result of arterial clothing, the inflamed area disappears.The duration of the procedure is about half an hour.The pain sensation is almost unobtrusive.The pain may be within two days, and an increase in temperature.You can live the same lifestyle.This method is used on all phases of pathology.

Advantages:

• Lack of tissue wiping.
• Reduce the recovery period.
• Process 1 time.
• Longer periods (5-10 years).

Disadvantages:

1. This procedure is longer than others.
2. Sore.
3. High cost.

Surgical intervention

Milligan-Morgan's operation

This method of surgical intervention involves the isolation of external and internal swelling, with subsequent clothing.Apply to all phases of the disease.Nuances:

• General anesthesia.
• The need for hospitalization of patients 3-5 daily.
• Reduces performance in 10-15 days.
• Long recovery period - about 1 month.
• The manipulation period is about half an hour.

The advantage is that this is the only method of radical therapy.The quiet period is up to 12 years, recurrent relapse is only possible in 15-30 % of cases.The painful sensation for 2-4 days.We need analgesics.The recovery period is long, as well as scarring and decrease in anal sfinkter tone.

Professor Longo

This method involves cutting the rectal mucous membranes.It is carried out using a special stapler.The site loses the possibility of prominence, and blood flow decreases.Indicated by pathology in all phases.Nuances:

• General anesthesia.
• Hospitalization in the hospital for 2-4 days.
• The recovery period is 3-5 days.

The advantages of the procedure are similar to hemorrhoidctomy, a small severity of pain;Recovery is fast, no complications.Reduce high cost (due to stapler usage).

Conclusion

The method described in the article is not the only hemorrhoids treated.Cryotherapy is also used.But this method is not as widespread, as there is an incontinence of discharge from the anus, the depth of exposure is not controlled.

The patient himself has the right to decide whether to see him a doctor or not.Of course, it should pay attention to the frequency of bleeding and pain, as frequent blood discharge causes anemia.Otherwise, hemorrhoids do not bestow life.But it should be warned that the sooner you consult your doctor, the better.Therefore, you will avoid more radical treatment methods and improve life.

Remember that only a proctologist can help solve this problem.If you see the following signs:

• Periodic bleeding.
• Itchy and burns in the anus.
• Sensation of discomfort and pain - immediately contact a proctologist!In case there is no own!